Messi, Ronaldo and Federer have exceptional bodies as well as discipline, will power and stamina. But, do they also have something else that could be copied to ‘produce’ other champions? Volunteers were asked to draw on a sheet of paper some symbols in four different scenarios. In the first they copied a symbol that they were shown, in the second they copied by memory a symbol that they had previously seen, in the third they drew following instructions and in the last they drew the symbol following a description of the symbol without seeing it. The test was repeated a few times with ever more complicated symbols. The most accurate drawings were the ones where you just had to copy. Those done by memory were accurate if the drawing was simple. The drawings following instructions were the worst of all. What was surprising was that the drawings made after a description were almost as good as the ones based on copying even when the symbol copied was complex. The researchers conclude that not only when one draws, but also in the case of sport, dancing or music, giving instructions does not create a talent. The student/sportsman must instead see the final result (equivalent to the description). To give limbs and fingers the right orders you need a mental picture even more than physical agility. This conclusion has a physiological explanation. In our various activities (drawing, dancing, playing football) various muscle groups are employed sometimes contrasting and sometimes working in accordance with one another. If the exercise is seen as such and not as something more complex, the muscle groups lack a true coordination. If instead the final goal of a complex exercise is known, a sort of orchestra director comes into play which oversees muscle coordination and does not allow single muscle groups to work against the final plan. Champions have a vision of the match with superior coordination whereas the good athletes or sportsmen just see the single actions. Messi, Ronaldo and Federer have mental directors that tell them in advance which areas of the field or court must be covered.
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